Well This is going to be the longest post on this forum,This might going to be off-topic really soon......so anyways i found something, a old webpage of thrive
web.archive.org/web/20141218022146/http://revolutionarygamesstudio.com/ , that was from 2014,2 YEARS AGO,if compare that to the Current one
revolutionarygamesstudio.com/ you can see how much thrive changed in 2 years........The Next Topic is.... Computers, did you know that the largest number a 32 bit computer can store is 2,147,483,647,witch in bianry is 1111111111111111111111111111111
2,Cool right , well if you don't know how to read binary here a tutorial,on to do that
Step 1:Find your number. The example we'll use is 00101010.
Step 2:Read from right to left. With each slot, the values are doubled. The first digit from the right has a value of 1, the second is a 2, then a 4, and so on.
Step 3: add the values of the ones. The zeros are assigned their correlating number, but those numbers are not added.
So, in this example, add 2, 8, and 32. The result is 42.
There is a 'no' on 1, a 'yes' on 2, a 'no' on 4, a 'yes' on 8, a 'no' on 16, a 'yes' on 32, a 'no' on 64 and a 'no' on 128. "Yes" means to add, "no" is to skip. You can stop at the last one-digit.
Step 4: Translate the value into letters or punctuation marks.
_____
ok now you know how to read binary,we can talk about something else like...... Poland!:
Polish history reaches back to before 1000 A.D. It became a kingdom in 1025, and had borders remarkably similar to the Poland of today. They have a proud history, but have suffered a great deal throughout the 20th Century. The Nazis decimated them during World War II murdering millions of Poles and those of Jewish descent in particular, and then they fell under the thumb of the Soviet Union for some 50 years. But Poland has never stopped fighting, and always viewed itself as an independent nation., we can talk about spain:
Spain is divided into 17 different sections, each with varying degrees of autonomy. The country lived under the rule of the controversial Franco for some 36 years. Since the end of his reign the country has moved to a more modern economy and outlook and has embraced some of the more liberal ideas of the western World.
It is composed of about 40 million people. But these are of a wide variety of backgrounds, beliefs, and cultures. The country itself has been influenced by many different countries, but also has a strong Muslim flair to it. A battle between the Spaniards and various Muslim rulers lasted for some 770 years, known as the Reconquista, and ended with the reign of Isabella and Ferdinand. At this time Spain experienced perhaps its greatest age. It sent explorers like Columbus into the New World, dominated the seas for decades, and experienced a flourishing of the arts. Throughout its history, Spain could brag of some of the worlds most renowned and respected artists, like Cervantes, Pablo Picasso, and Salvador Dalí.
Although the Spain has a serious of territorial disputes, it borders Portugal to one side and France to the other. Its close proximity with England, as well as a maritime border, has made the two countries rivals and often enemies. Mountain ranges and high plateaus dominate most of mainland Spain. It also looks remarkably like the American Southwest, and often is used as a substitute for American westerns. Because of its geographic position, Spain has four very diverse climates.,
ok let step away from countries and talk about the longest word in the world,the word in the world is titin(that the short name) titin has over 189,819 character or 1355.85 tweets,that a lot of tweets..im not going to spell it out but if you want to know the name here a link
www.quora.com/What-is-the-full-chemical-name-of-titin , let talk about countries again starting with Portugal:
The Republic of Portugal or Portugal is a democratic republic located on the western and southwestern parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Bordered by Spain and the Atlantic Ocean, Portugal once had territories stretching across the globe – from Latin America, to North America, to Africa and Asia. It is a sailing nation, home to some of history’s greatest navies and explorers. There are about 10 million Portuguese citizens, although there are over 200 million Portuguese speakers in the world.
They grew to power during the Age of Exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries; but began losing its power and influence with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. The 20th Century in Portugal was dominated by one figure - Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, who ruled from 1932 to 1968. Throughout his reign, he refused to relinquish any of his power. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
The country is predominantly Catholic; but the people practice their religion to various degrees. Thanks to its exploring history and influx of others into the country, a wide range of people, places and ideas have influenced Portuguese culture. Its economy, although not in ruins, does need some improvement. They joined the European Union in 1986, which has certainly helped stabilize the economy. Portugal was one of the founding countries of the euro in 1999.
WOW THAT LONG!if you reading this wow you deserve a medal.... i guest i can talk about thrive, so first here all social media link,
twitter.com/thrive_game TWIITER,https://www.facebook.com/pages/Thrive/182887991751358 FACEBOOK, RSS FEED
revolutionarygamesstudio.com/feed/, YOUTUBE
www.youtube.com/c/RevolutionaryGames, and that all next is some information about thrive,
Thrive is a free open-source game for PC and Linux about evolution, in which the player guides a species from their origin as a microbe to the space age and beyond. Gameplay is split into seven stages – Microbe, Multicellular, Aware, Awakening, Society, Industrial and Space. Through each of these you will guide your creature towards intelligence, sentience and the stars. Our team seeks to accomplish two major goals: create engaging, compelling gameplay that respects our players’ intelligence, and remain as accurate as possible in our depiction of known scientific theory.
now that you know about thrive here some history about is:
Several years ago (2009 to be exact), a topic was posted on the Spore forums detailing a game called Evolutions! with screenshots showing ultra-realistic graphics and an organism editor with much more flexibility than Spore’s. It was later revealed to be a hoax, created to convince EA (Spore’s developers) that they had competition, supposedly inciting improvements to Spore. However, enough people were interested to start a small development team, with the thread’s original poster as its leader. Soon it became apparent that the team in place didn’t have the necessary administration to run effectively. A small group consisting of people who had the skills and determination to make a realistic evolution game broke off, and Thrive was born.
The open-source nature of the project has meant only a single founding member is still with us (~sciocont), but plenty of skilled newcomers have arrived to take the place of those who leave. For much of Thrive’s development, little programming work was done, a lack of coders meaning conceptual work was favored. By mid-2012, so little concrete development was visible that the only remaining programmer left, believing the project was too ambitious from the start (an understandable sentiment, if you ask us). However, the team worked to reverse the situation in only a few months, aided by a Reddit post in early 2013 which saw 30,000 visitors to the forums in a single day.
Since then, work has progressed, like the proverbial tortoise, in a slow and steady manner, with increased organisation and a growing internet presence. At the time of writing, the release of 0.2.4 is fast approaching, to be followed by an outreach initiative to attract new members and grow the team, hopefully leading to faster updates and more progress. The full Microbe Stage is still some way off, but most of its core systems have been thoroughly planned, only implementation and assorted balancing remaining. Once we are happy with the stage as final, we will move on, beginning work on the Multicellular Stage.
well that the history of thrive according to the faq,Here are some more FAQ answer like this one:
There’s no chance of this ever being completed, so why are you doing it?
Along with the conundrum of the underwater civilizations, this is undeniably the most frequently asked question we have. Each of our team members has their own opinion on the matter, so a single uniform answer isn’t possible, and in the context of visible progress so far, many are justified in believing that the full game will indeed never come to fruition.
The team formed out of a uniform desire to create an evolution game better than all which came before. Spore was, for many, a huge disappointment – after promising the epic tale of an organism’s grand rise from cell to space empire, all it delivered was a set of limited, scientifically inaccurate mini-games. Admittedly, it’s still fun (many of us still play it to this day), but it’s certainly not what EA promised. Revolutionary Games’ goal is to find out where Spore went wrong, fix its shortcomings, improve upon it as much as we can, and ultimately give the world the game it was denied. Yes, we are well aware of the risk; the possibility that, despite its lofty ambitions, the project will fizzle out has been a constant thought in all our minds. We seek to accomplish more and have less capacity to do so than some, but each of us has the motivation and skill to succeed, and so far, despite the adversities we’ve experienced, we’re still here, incrementally drawing closer to the game we hope is possible.
or this one:
Are you planning to make more games?
No, at this point Revolutionary Games is entirely centered on the development of Thrive, and the suggestion to create anything else, while potentially attractive given the unique open-source nature of the project, is irrelevant. The seven stages will effectively be separate games anyway (though we’re aware of how Spore’s attempt at this created stages which felt too much like mini-games, and we have concepts in place to ensure this doesn’t happen again).
Perhaps you like the idea of Thrive but would prefer a different approach — if so, visit our friends at Species: ALRE, another evolution-based indie game where you observe and indirectly affect evolution.
or lastly:
Why don’t you use Kickstarter or some other source of income?
Believe it or not, we’d have nothing we would want to spend the money on. We develop this not to make a quick buck, but because we want to develop this, and that makes sure people here are people who have time, commitment, and a natural interest in the project. Plus, dividing money up between a constantly changing team of people whose contributions can’t always be quantified is one challenge we don’t want to face. Thrive was founded on the principle that voluntary contributions can make a game of this scope, and we continue to abide by it to this day.
Now you know what not to ask we can talk about something that has nothing to do with thrive like.... the Pythagorean theorem:
In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem, also known as Pythagoras' theorem, is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle. It states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The theorem can be written as an equation relating the lengths of the sides a, b and c, often called the "Pythagorean equation":[1]
a^2 + b^2 = c^2 ,
where c represents the length of the hypotenuse and a and b the lengths of the triangle's other two sides.
Although it is often argued that knowledge of the theorem predates him,[2] the theorem is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) as it is he who, by tradition, is credited with its first recorded proof.[3][4][5] There is some evidence that Babylonian mathematicians understood the formula, although little of it indicates an application within a mathematical framework.[6][7] Mesopotamian, Indian and Chinese mathematicians all discovered the theorem independently and, in some cases, provided proofs for special cases.
The theorem has been given numerous proofs – possibly the most for any mathematical theorem. They are very diverse, including both geometric proofs and algebraic proofs, with some dating back thousands of years. The theorem can be generalized in various ways, including higher-dimensional spaces, to spaces that are not Euclidean, to objects that are not right triangles, and indeed, to objects that are not triangles at all, but n-dimensional solids. The Pythagorean theorem has attracted interest outside mathematics as a symbol of mathematical abstruseness, mystique, or intellectual power; popular references in literature, plays, musicals, songs, stamps and cartoons abound.
Well let stop talking about math and talk about...um.. i dont know hmmm we can talk about... let take a brake from talking and if you read all of this deserve a picture
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(well A Picture Was Going to Be Here....)
now you got your reward,we can start talking again,let talk about Countries Again,let start with Russia:
Geographically, Russia is the largest country in the world, with the 8th largest population. It encompasses 10 time zones stretching from Europe to Asia. It would be difficult to find a country with a bigger influence on the 20th Century than Russia. Its revolution, beginning in 1917, would last until the 1990s; at one point 1/3 of the world’s population was under its influence. Famous for its frozen tundra, many areas in Russia are actually quite warm. Some areas in the south of Russia have a subtropical climate, where year-round temperatures do not fall below +8°C. The average summer high temperature ranges between 26°C and 32°C (80 to 88°F) with occasional extreme heat in some interior locations exceeding 51°C (112°F)
It is difficult to exactly place the founding of Russia as a country, but the Principality of Muscovy, was established in the 12th Century. Over the nest 200 years, Muscovy was able to emerge from Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. By the beginning of the 20th Century, a map of Russia would look very similar to a map of Russia today. At the beginning of the 20th Century, its power was beginning to decline, evidenced by its defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). This weakening was made final during the First World War, when the Communist Revolution erupted in 1917. The next 75 years was dominated by that philosophy and by men like Lenin and Stalin. By the 1980s the system, however, had grown stale. Hoping to revitalize it, Premier Gorbachev liberalized much in the country. He opened Pandora’s box. People across the Soviet Union, tasting freedom for the first time, began demanding more and more freedom and independence. Within years, Communism collapsed.
Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy. While some progress has been made on the economic front, and Russia's management of its windfall oil wealth has improved its financial standing, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir Putin and democratic institutions remain weak. Russia has severely disabled the Chechen rebel movement, although sporadic violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus. During this time, poverty has declined steadily and the middle class has continued to expand.
Now let talk about more countries like the UK or also know as Untied Kingdom:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lies to the northwest of mainland Europe and is an island composed of 4 parts - England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. It has been a world power for centuries. World War I and World War II saw much of its power decrease and through much of the 20th Century the United Kingdom saw much of its empire across the globe disintegrate. But the United Kingdom is, and has been, an especially resilient country. It has rebuilt itself as a world power and is among the wealthiest and most influential countries in the world. It is a permanent member of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO. It is an important player in the EU but has continually rejected the Euro. There remains a great deal of talk as to when, if ever, they will accept it.
As the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, Great Britain played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At one time the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface, with territories in India, Africa, North and South America and throughout Asia. Today, the UK is a leading trading power and financial center. Over the past two decades, the government has greatly reduced public ownership and continued the growth of social welfare programs. The economy is one of the strongest in Europe; inflation, interest rates, and unemployment remain low.
With 4 separate areas in the Kingdom, the terrain of the UK is quite varied, although it can be looked as divided between lowland and mountainous areas. The river Thames runs through southern England. As one of the major waterways, if not thee major waterway, it is an important both politically and symbolically. London is the capital city of England, and is one of the political, financial, and artistic centers of the world. It is the most populous city in England, and, with an official count of 7.5 million residents, the most populous city in the European Union.
Well let stop talk about countries again and talk about another game call Identity, Identity according to them self,
IDENTITY IS ...
... a new breed of massively multiplayer online role-playing game where hundreds of players interact in a world of absolute freedom, where it's the actions of players which determine your fate and the fate of the world you live in.
Live as a criminal, a police officer, business person or anything in between. You are in full control of your own future in your persuit of wealth, glory and power. so now let talk about something else like what is googol:
A googol is the large number 10100. In decimal notation, it is written as the digit 1 followed by one hundred 0s:
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.
The term was coined in 1920 by 9-year-old Milton Sirotta (1911–1981), nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner.[1] Kasner popularized the concept in his 1940 book Mathematics and the Imagination.[2] Other names for googol include ten duotrigintillion on the short scale, ten thousand sexdecillion on the long scale, or ten sexdecilliard on the Peletier long scale.
well i think this is the end... NOT! I'M GOING TO KEEP ON GOING UNTIL I REACH 8^6 or 262144 character IF IT THE LAST THING I DO... anyways let talk about countries again first one is ireland:
Ireland is the third-largest island in Europe, lying close to Great Britain. The island is divided into two separate countries, the Republic of Ireland, composed of 26 counties, and Northern Ireland, composed of the 6 northern counties. The country is renowned for its striking landscapes, folk music, and the easy hospitality of its people.
Historically, the country has been dominated by Great Britain, leading often to oppression and civil unrest. Both governments have recently attempted to settle these long-standing grievances, with mixed success. A peace settlement for Northern Ireland is being implemented with some difficulty. In 2006, the Irish and British governments developed and began working to implement the St. Andrew's Agreement, building on the Good Friday Agreement, approved in 1998.
Although historically a very poor nation, since joining the European community in 1973, Ireland has experienced a remarkable economic upturn, and is now known as the “Celtic Tiger”. Tourism is still a thriving industry. Most impressive, however, remains the impact this small country has had on the rest of the world, especially the U.S. Although its current population is only about 4 million, some 44 million people across the globe claim Irish descent. In the arts, particularly literature, Ireland has an impressive history – literary giants like James Joyce, William Butler Yeats, and Samuel Beckett all hail from the Emerald Island.
Now We Know About Ireland let talk about Ukraine:
The Ukraine sits in southeastern Europe, bordered by Belarus, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland as well as the Black Sea to the south. It also shares a large border with Russia, and that country has exerted a powerful influence on the country, particularly in the 20th century. It fell under Communist rule after World War I. Russia's rule was almost unbearably oppressive. The country had to endure 2 artificial famines, which killed some 8 million people. During World War II, the Ukraine suffered again when the Soviets and Germans battled it out for the country.
It gained independence once more in 1991, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Democracy has been hard to come by. Corruption has stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. In 2004, an international monitoring group came into the Ukraine and overturned a rigged election after the "Orange Revolution." This brought Victor Yuschenko into power. He pledged to fight corruption and get the Ukraine on track. His term has been far from easy.
It is perhaps the most important economic region to emerge from the Soviet Union. It produces about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. But corruption, along with a series of other economic problems, remains a major concern. They already trade more with EU countries than Russia, and its president has pushed for membership in the EU.
The Next Country On The List Is Italy:
The Italian Republic or Italy, comprising a boot-shaped peninsula extending into the Mediterranean Sea and two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia, rests in southern European. Although called “the land of the sun”, Italy can have wide ranging weather. Much of the country has a Mediterranean climate, but some parts, especially the north, can become quite cold.
Home to artists like Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, musicians like Verdi and Puccini, not to mention the spectacular architecture found across the country, the country boasts a history as vibrant and thrilling as anything found in a Puccini opera. Sprung from the Roman Empire, Italy became a nation-state in 1861. At the close of the 1920s, Benito Mussolini established a Fascist dictatorship, which met a disastrous end during World War II. A democratic republic was established in 1946. The country has been a leader in European affairs since.
Historical issues have continued to be a problem - illegal immigration, organized crime, corruption, and high unemployment plague the country. Italy has the 7th-highest GDP in the world but growth has been slow and the deficit is difficult to control. The president is Giorgio Napolitano, a former Communist Party member. Its prime minister, Romano Prodi, stands as an opposition leader and won the general elections in April 2006.
ok i think that enough country right now,Let talk about the history of google:
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California.[34]
While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.[35] They called this new technology PageRank; it determined a website's relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.[36][37]
Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.[38][39][40] Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol",[41][42] the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information.[43] Originally, Google ran under Stanford University's website, with the domains google.stanford.edu and z.stanford.edu.[44][45]
The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997,[46] and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in the garage of a friend (Susan Wojcicki[34]) in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee.[34][47][48]
In May 2011, the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed one billion for the first time, an 8.4 percent increase from May 2010 (931 million).[49] In January 2013, Google announced it had earned US$50 billion in annual revenue for the year of 2012. This marked the first time the company had reached this feat, topping their 2011 total of $38 billion.[50]
The company has reported fourth quarter (Dec 2014) Earnings Per Share (EPS) of $6.88 – $0.20 under projections. Revenue came in at $14.5 billion (16.9% growth year over year), also under expectations by $110 million.[51]
The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was incorporated.[53] Early in 1999, while graduate students, Brin and Page decided that the search engine they had developed was taking up too much time and distracting their academic pursuits. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer and later criticized Vinod Khosla, one of Excite's venture capitalists, after he negotiated Brin and Page down to $750,000. On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was announced,[54] with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital.[53]
Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place five years later on August 19, 2004. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024.[55] The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.[56][57] Shares were sold in an online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal.[58][59] The sale of $1.67 bn (billion) gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23bn.[60] By January 2014, its market capitalization had grown to $397bn.[61] The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place.[62]
There were concerns that Google's IPO would lead to changes in company culture. Reasons ranged from shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions to the fact that many company executives would become instant paper millionaires.[63] As a reply to this concern, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised in a report to potential investors that the IPO would not change the company's culture.[64] In 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.[65][66][67][68][excessive citation] In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google designated a Chief Culture Officer, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on: a flat organization with a collaborative environment.[69] Google has also faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.[70][71] In 2013, a class action against several Silicon Valley companies, including Google, was filed for alleged "no cold call" agreements which restrained the recruitment of high-tech employees.[72]
The stock performed well after the IPO, with shares hitting $350 for the first time on October 31, 2007,[73] primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.[74] The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds.[74] GOOG shares split into GOOG Class C shares and GOOGL class A shares.[75] The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbols GOOGL and GOOG, and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ1. These ticker symbols now refer to Alphabet Inc., Google's holding company, since the fourth quarter of 2015.[76]
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California, which is home to several prominent Silicon Valley technology start-ups.[77] The next year, against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine,[78] Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords.[34] In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and click-throughs, with bidding starting at five cents per click.[34]
This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto.com, an Idealab spin-off created by Bill Gross.[79][80] When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company's pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo! and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing. The case was then settled out of court; Google agreed to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a perpetual license.[81]
In 2001, Google received a patent for its PageRank mechanism.[82] The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.[83] The complex became known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. The Googleplex interiors were designed by Clive Wilkinson Architects. Three years later, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.[84] By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "google" to be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet".[85][86]
The immense popularity of the search engine has led its fans calling themselves 'Googlists' as they follow 'Googlism', the new religion.[87] Devotees of Google have found a non-profit online organization The Church of Google, a website where they worship the search engine giant.[88] The New York Times had discussed the topic "Is Google God?" under its 'opinion' category.[89] On the Internet, there are many blogs that even mention the reasons why Google is God.[90]
Google announced the launch of a new company called Calico on September 19, 2013, which will be led by Apple chairman Arthur Levinson. In the official public statement, Page explained that the "health and well-being" company will focus on "the challenge of ageing and associated diseases".[91]
As of September 2013, Google operates 70 offices in more than 40 countries.[92] Google celebrated its 15-year anniversary on September 27, 2013, although it has used other dates for its official birthday.[93] The reason for the choice of September 27 remains unclear, and a dispute with rival search engine Yahoo! Search in 2005 has been suggested as the cause.[94][95]
The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) was launched in October 2013 and Google is part of the coalition of public and private organisations that also includes Facebook, Intel and Microsoft. Led by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.[96]
The corporation's consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2013 is reported in mid-October 2013 as $14.89 billion, a 12 percent increase compared to the previous quarter. Google's Internet business was responsible for $10.8 billion of this total, with an increase in the number of users' clicks on advertisements.[97]
In November 2013, Google announced plans for a new 1-million-sq-ft (93,000 sq m) office in London, which is due to open in 2016. The new premises will be able to accommodate 4,500 employees and has been identified as one of the biggest ever commercial property acquisitions in Britain.[98]
In October 2014, according to the Interbrand ranking, Google was the second most valuable brand in the world (behind Apple) with a valuation of $107.4 billion.[99] A Millward Brown report from the same year puts the Google brand ahead of Apple's at #1
Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, primarily small venture capital-funded firms. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc.[101] The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a three-dimensional view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to Google Earth in 2005. Google acquired Urchin Software in April 2005, using their 'Urchin on Demand' product (along with ideas from Adaptive Path's 'Measure Map') to create Google Analytics in 2006.
In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006.[102] Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing.[103] In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 YouTube revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales.[104]
On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.[105] Later that same year, Google purchased GrandCentral for $50 million.[106] The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million.[107] Google also acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for $50 million, and commented on its internal blog, "we're looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it".[108] In April 2010, Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux.[109]
In addition to the many companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for research, advertising, and other activities. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of offices.[110] The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to help share and distribute each other's technologies.[111]
The company also partnered with AOL[112] to enhance each other's video search services. Google's 2005 partnerships also included financing the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson.[113] Google would later launch "AdSense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.[114] Increasing its advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corporation entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on the then-popular social networking site MySpace.[115]
In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, displacing former sponsor AOL. NORAD Tracks Santa purports to follow Santa Claus' progress on Christmas Eve,[116] using Google Earth to "track Santa" in 3-D for the first time.[117] Google-owned YouTube gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel.[118]
In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September 6, 2008.[119] Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazine's photographs. Some images in the archive were never published in the magazine.[120] The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status.[121]
In 2010, Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable energy project, putting $38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, enough to supply 55,000 homes. The farms, which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources, will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits. NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a twenty-percent stake in the project to get funding for its development.[122] In February 2010, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates.[123] The order specifically states that Google Energy—a subsidiary of Google—holds the rights "for the sale of energy, capacity, and ancillary services at market-based rates", but acknowledges that neither Google Energy nor its affiliates "own or control any generation or transmission" facilities.[124] The corporation exercised this authorization in September 2013 when it announced that it will purchase all the electricity produced by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt Happy Hereford wind farm.[125]
Also in 2010, Google purchased Global IP Solutions, a Norway-based company that provides web-based teleconferencing and other related services. This acquisition enabled Google to add telephone-style services to its list of products.[126] On May 27, 2010, Google announced it had also closed the acquisition of the mobile ad network AdMob. This occurred days after the Federal Trade Commission closed its investigation into the purchase.[127] Google acquired the company for an undisclosed amount.[128] In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of energy for 20 years.[129]
On April 4, 2011, The Globe and Mail reported that Google bid $900 million for six thousand Nortel Networks patents.[130]
On August 15, 2011, Google made its largest-ever acquisition to-date when it announced that it would acquire Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion[131][132] subject to approval from regulators in the United States and Europe. In a post on Google's blog, Google Chief Executive and co-founder Larry Page revealed that the acquisition was a strategic move to strengthen Google's patent portfolio. The company's Android operating system has come under fire in an industry-wide patent battle, as Apple and Microsoft have sued Android device makers such as HTC, Samsung, and Motorola.[133] The merger was completed on May 22, 2012, after the approval of People's Republic of China.[134]
This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorola's considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies to help protect it in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies,[135] mainly Apple and Microsoft,[133] and to allow it to continue to freely offer Android.[136] After the acquisition closed, Google began to restructure the Motorola business to fit Google's strategy. On August 13, 2012, Google announced plans to lay off 4000 Motorola Mobility employees.[137] On December 10, 2012, Google sold the manufacturing operations of Motorola Mobility to Flextronics for $75 million.[138] As a part of the agreement, Flextronics will manufacture undisclosed Android and other mobile devices.[139] On December 19, 2012, Google sold the Motorola Home business division of Motorola Mobility to Arris Group for $2.35 billion in a cash-and-stock transaction. As a part of this deal, Google acquired a 15.7% stake in Arris Group valued at $300 million.[140]
On June 5, 2012, Google announced it acquired Quickoffice, a company widely known for their mobile productivity suite for both iOS and Android. Google plans to integrate Quickoffice's technology into its own product suite.[141]
On February 6, 2013, Google announced it had acquired Channel Intelligence for $125 million. Channel Intelligence, a technology company that helps customers buy products online, is active globally in 31 different countries and works with over 850 retailers. Google will use this technology to enhance its e-commerce business.[142]
The official confirmation of Google's acquisition of the Israel-based startup Waze occurred in June 2013. Waze is promoted as a "community-based traffic and navigation app".[143]
Following the acquisition of Waze, Google submitted a "10-Q" filing with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) that revealed that the corporation spent $1.3 billion on acquisitions during the first half of 2013. The filing also revealed that the Waze acquisition cost Google $966 million, instead of the $1.1 billion figure that was initially presented in media sources.[143][144][145]
The 2012 acquisition of WIMM Labs, a company that previously made an Android-powered smartwatch, was confirmed in August 2013. As of August 31, 2013, Google has not publicly commented on the news concerning WIMM Labs.[146] The acquisition of Flutter, a creator of hand gesture recognition technology, was confirmed by the corporation in early October 2013. The reported price is $40 million and Google spokesperson stated: "We're really impressed by the Flutter team's ability to design new technology based on cutting-edge research." Flutter's technology allows users to enact hand gestures to control navigation for apps such as iTunes, Windows Media Player, and Winamp.[147]
On January 26, 2014, Google Inc. announced it had agreed to acquire DeepMind Technologies, a privately held artificial intelligence company from London. DeepMind describes itself as having the ability to combine the best techniques from machine learning and systems neuroscience to build general-purpose learning algorithms. DeepMind's first commercial applications were used in simulations, e-commerce and games. As of December 2013, it was reported that DeepMind had roughly 75 employees.[148] The technology news website Re/code reported that the company was purchased for $400 million though it was not disclosed where the information came from. A Google spokesman would not comment of the price.[149][150] The purchase of DeepMind aids in Google's recent growth in the artificial intelligence and robotics community.[151]
On January 29, 2014, Google announced it was selling its Motorola Mobility unit to China-based Lenovo, for $2.91bn. The company kept the extensive patent collection used to develop Android products, considered the most valuable part of the original deal.[152] Nonetheless, the sale price was significantly less than the $12.5 billion Google had bought Motorola Mobility for. The $2.91bn price tag consisted of $660 million in cash, $750 million in Lenovo ordinary shares, and a $1.5 billion 3-year promissory note.[153]
In March 2014, Google confirmed it had purchased the remnants of gaming startup, Green Throttle Games, which developed a Bluetooth gaming controller for Android.[154]
In May 2014, Google announced it had purchased Quest Visual, maker of the augmented reality translator app Word Lens.[155]
In June 2014, Google purchased satellite imaging firm Skybox Imaging for $500 million.[156]
In July 2014, Google purchased the online music service Songza.[157]
On September 10, 2015, Google announced to form strategic partnership with Mobvoi to bring Android Wear to mainland China.[158]
In October 2015, Google invested in a China-based artificial intelligence (AI) company, Mobvoi. The funding will enable the Company to further enhance its core AI technologies, and develop new consumer products empowered by AI.[159]
now you know the history of google, i think it the end for now
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PART 2:
This Post have not run out of character yet so let keep on going by first typing in binary
01010100 01101000 01110010 01101001 01110110 01100101 00100000 01101001 01110011 00100000 01100001 00100000 01100110 01110010 01100101 01100101 00101100 00100000 01101111 01110000 01100101 01101110 00101101 01110011 01101111 01110101 01110010 01100011 01100101 00100000 01100111 01100001 01101101 01100101 00100000 01100001 01100010 01101111 01110101 01110100 00100000 01110100 01101000 01100101 00100000 01100101 01110110 01101111 01101100 01110101 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 00100000 01101111 01100110 00100000 01101100 01101001 01100110 01100101 00101110
Can You Translate it?Well you a website to help,well now learn history of bing,The Rivalish Of Google:
Microsoft originally launched MSN Search in the third quarter of 1998, using search results from Inktomi. It consisted of a search engine, index, and web crawler. In early 1999, MSN Search launched a version which displayed listings from Looksmart blended with results from Inktomi except for a short time in 1999 when results from AltaVista were used instead. Since then Microsoft upgraded MSN Search to provide its own self-built search engine results, the index of which was updated weekly and sometimes daily. The upgrade started as a beta program in November 2004, and came out of beta in February 2005. Image search was powered by a third party, Picsearch. The service also started providing its search results to other search engine portals in an effort to better compete in the market.
The first public beta of Windows Live Search was unveiled on March 8, 2006, with the final release on September 11, 2006 replacing MSN Search. The new search engine used search tabs that include Web, news, images, music, desktop, local, and Microsoft Encarta.
In the roll-over from MSN Search to Windows Live Search, Microsoft stopped using Picsearch as their image search provider and started performing their own image search, fueled by their own internal image search algorithms.[12]
On March 21, 2007, Microsoft announced that it would separate its search developments from the Windows Live services family, rebranding the service as Live Search. Live Search was integrated into the Live Search and Ad Platform headed by Satya Nadella, part of Microsoft's Platform and Systems division. As part of this change, Live Search was merged with Microsoft adCenter.[13]
A series of reorganisations and consolidations of Microsoft's search offerings were made under the Live Search branding. On May 23, 2008, Microsoft announced the discontinuation of Live Search Books and Live Search Academic and integrated all academic and book search results into regular search, and as a result this also included the closure of Live Search Books Publisher Program. Soon after, Windows Live Expo was discontinued on July 31, 2008. Live Search Macros, a service for users to create their own custom search engines or use macros created by other users, was also discontinued shortly after. On May 15, 2009, Live Product Upload, a service which allowed merchants to upload products information onto Live Search Products, was discontinued. The final reorganisation came as Live Search QnA was rebranded as MSN QnA on February 18, 2009, however, it was subsequently discontinued on May 21, 2009.[14]
Microsoft recognised that there would be a problem with branding as long as the word "Live" remained in the name.[15] As an effort to create a new identity for Microsoft's search services, Live Search was officially replaced by Bing on June 3, 2009.[16]
The Bing name was chosen through focus groups, and Microsoft decided that the name was memorable, short, easy to spell, and that it would function well as a URL around the world. The word would remind people of the sound made during "the moment of discovery and decision making."[17] Microsoft was assisted by branding consultancy Interbrand in their search for the best name for the new search engine.[18] The name also has strong similarity to the word 'bingo', which is used to mean that something sought has been found or realized, as is interjected when winning the game Bingo. Microsoft advertising strategist David Webster originally proposed the name "Bang" for the same reasons the name Bing was ultimately chosen (easy to spell, one syllable, and easy to remember). He noted, "It's there, it's an exclamation point [...] It's the opposite of a question mark." This name was ultimately not chosen because it could not be properly used as a verb in the context of an internet search; Webster commented "Oh, 'I banged it' is very different than 'I binged it'".[19]
According to the Guardian "[Microsoft] hasn't confirmed that it stands recursively for Bing Is Not Google, but that's the sort of joke software engineers enjoy."[20] Qi Lu, president of Microsoft Online Services, also announced that Bing's official Chinese name is bì yìng (simplified Chinese: 必应; traditional Chinese: 必應), which literally means "very certain to respond" or "very certain to answer" in Chinese.[21]
While being tested internally by Microsoft employees, Bing's codename was Kumo (くも),[22] which came from the Japanese word for spider (蜘蛛; くも, kumo) as well as cloud (雲; くも, kumo), referring to the manner in which search engines "spider" Internet resources to add them to their database, as well as cloud computing.
On July 31, 2009, The Laptop Company, Inc. stated in a press release that it would challenge Bing's trademark application, alleging that Bing may cause confusion in the marketplace as Bing and their product BongoBing both do online product search.[23] Software company TeraByte Unlimited, which has a product called BootIt Next Generation (abbreviated to BING), also contended the trademark application on similar grounds, as did a Missouri-based design company called Bing! Information Design.[24]
Microsoft contended that claims challenging its trademark were without merit because these companies filed for U.S. federal trademark applications only after Microsoft filed for the Bing trademark in March 2009.[25]
On July 29, 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo! announced that they had made a ten-year deal in which the Yahoo! search engine would be replaced by Bing, retaining the Yahoo! user interface. Yahoo! will get to keep 88% of the revenue from all search ad sales on its site for the first five years of the deal, and have the right to sell advertising on some Microsoft sites.[26][27] All Yahoo! Search global customers and partners made the transition by early 2012.[7]
Well Since The Last Part Talk About Yahoo Lets Talk About That One Next:
In January 1994, Yang and Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University when they created a website named "Jerry and David's guide to the World Wide Web".[19][20] The site was a directory of other websites, organized in a hierarchy, as opposed to a searchable index of pages. In March 1994, "Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web" was renamed "Yahoo!"[21][22] The "yahoo.com" domain was created on January 18, 1995.[23]
The word "yahoo" is a backronym for "Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle"[24] or "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle".[25] The term "hierarchical" described how the Yahoo database was arranged in layers of subcategories. The term "oracle" was intended to mean "source of truth and wisdom", and the term "officious", rather than being related to the word's normal meaning, described the many office workers who would use the Yahoo database while surfing from work.[26] However, Filo and Yang insist they mainly selected the name because they liked the slang definition of a "yahoo" (used by college students in David Filo's native Louisiana in the late 1980s and early 1990s to refer to an unsophisticated, rural Southerner): "rude, unsophisticated, uncouth." Filo's college girlfriend often referred to Filo as a "yahoo." This meaning derives from the Yahoo race of fictional beings from Gulliver's Travels.
Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s. Like many search engines and Web directories, Yahoo added a web portal. By 1998, Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users.[27] It also made many high-profile acquisitions. Its stock price skyrocketed during the dot-com bubble, Yahoo stocks closing at an all-time high of $118.75 a share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $8.11 on September 26, 2001.[28]
In 2000, Yahoo began using Google for search. Over the next four years, it developed its own search technologies, which it began using in 2004. In response to Google's Gmail, Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in 2007. The company struggled through 2008, with several large layoffs.[citation needed]
In February 2008, Microsoft Corporation made an unsolicited bid to acquire Yahoo for US$44.6 billion. Yahoo formally rejected the bid, claiming that it "substantially undervalues" the company and was not in the interest of its shareholders. Three years later, Yahoo had a market capitalization of US$22.24 billion.[29] Carol Bartz replaced Yang as CEO in January 2009.[30] In September 2011, she was removed from her position at Yahoo by the company's chairman Roy Bostock, and CFO Tim Morse was named as Interim CEO of the company.
In early 2012, after the appointment of Scott Thompson as CEO, rumors began to spread about looming layoffs. Several key executives, such as Chief Product Officer Blake Irving left.[31] On April 4, 2012, Yahoo announced a cut of 2,000 jobs or about 14 percent of its 14,100 workers. The cut is expected to save around US$375 million annually after the layoffs are completed at end of 2012.[32] In an email sent to employees in April 2012, Thompson reiterated his view that customers should come first at Yahoo. He also completely reorganized the company.[33]
On May 13, 2012, Yahoo issued a press release stating that Thompson was no longer with the company, and would immediately be replaced on an interim basis by Ross Levinsohn, recently appointed head of Yahoo's new Media group.[33][34][35] Thompson's total compensation for his 130-day tenure with Yahoo was at least $7.3 million.[36]
On July 16, 2012, Marissa Mayer was appointed President and CEO of Yahoo, effective the following day.
On May 19, 2013 the Yahoo board approved a US$1.1 billion purchase of blogging site Tumblr, and the company's CEO and founder David Karp will remain a large shareholder. The announcement reportedly signifies a changing trend in the technology industry, as large corporations like Yahoo, Facebook, and Google acquire start-up Internet companies that generate low amounts of revenue as a way in which to connect with sizeable, fast-growing online communities. The Wall Street Journal stated that the purchase of Tumblr would satisfy the company's need for "a thriving social-networking and communications hub."[37][38] On May 20, the company announced the acquisition of Tumblr officially.[39] The company also announced plans to open a San Francisco office in July 2013.[40]
On August 2, 2013, Yahoo Inc. announced the acquisition of social Web browser concern RockMelt. With the acquisition, the RockMelt team, including the concern's CEO Eric Vishria and CTO Tim Howes, will be the part of Yahoo team. As a result, all the RockMelt applications and existing Web services were terminated on August 31.[41]
Data collated by comScore during July 2013, revealed that more people in the U.S. visited Yahoo Web sites during the month in comparison to Google Web sites; the occasion was the first time that Yahoo outperformed Google since 2011. The data did not incorporate visit statistics for the Yahoo-owned Tumblr site or mobile phone usage.[42]
Recent developments
On March 12, 2014, Yahoo officially announced its partnership with Yelp, Inc., which will help Yahoo boost its local search results to better compete with services like Google.[43]
On November 11, 2014, Yahoo announced it would be acquiring video ad company BrightRoll for $640 million. Video is one of the company's key growth areas and the acquisition will make Yahoo's video ad platform the largest in the U.S.[44]
On November 21, 2014, it was announced that Yahoo had acquired Cooliris.[45]
By the fourth quarter of 2013, the company's share price (NASDAQ: YHOO) had more than doubled since Marissa Mayer took over as president of July 2012; however, the share price peaked at about $35 in November 2013 at $35.[46] It did go up to $36.04 in the mid afternoon of December 2, 2015, perhaps on news that the board of directors was meeting to decide on the future of Mayer, whether to sell the struggling internet business[47] and whether to continue with the spinoff of its stake in China's Alibaba e-commerce site.[48] Not all has gone well during Mayer's tenure including the $1.1 billion acquisition of Tumblr that has yet to prove to be beneficial while the forays into original video content led to a $42 million write-down. Sydney Finkelstein, a professor at Dartmouth College's Tuck School of Business, told the Washington Post that sometimes, "the single best thing you can do ... is sell the company."[49] The closing price of Yahoo! Inc. on December 7, 2015 was $34.68.[50]
The Wall Street Journal's Douglas MacMillan reported that Yahoo's CEO Marissa Mayer is expected to cut 15% of its workforce. The announcement is expected after the market closes on February 2, 2016.[51][52]
Well Now We Talk About Bing,Google And Yahoo history let talk about more history of company like microsoft:
Paul Allen and Bill Gates, childhood friends with a passion for computer programming, sought to make a successful business utilizing their shared skills.[citation needed] In 1972 they founded their first company, named Traf-O-Data, which offered a rudimentary computer that tracked and analyzed automobile traffic data. Allen went on to pursue a degree in computer science at Washington State University, later dropping out of school to work at Honeywell. Gates began studies at Harvard.[15] The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics, which Allen bought at Out of Town News, featured Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems's (MITS) Altair 8800 microcomputer.[16] Allen suggested that they could program a BASIC interpreter for the device; after a call from Gates claiming to have a working interpreter, MITS requested a demonstration. Since they didn't actually have one, Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter. Although they developed the interpreter on a simulator and not the actual device, the interpreter worked flawlessly when they demonstrated the interpreter to MITS in Albuquerque, New Mexico in March 1975; MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC.[13]:108, 112–114 They officially established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as the CEO.[17] Allen came up with the original name of "Micro-Soft," as recounted in a 1995 Fortune magazine article.[18][19] In August 1977 the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office, "ASCII Microsoft".[20] The company moved to a new home in Bellevue, Washington in January 1979.[17]
Microsoft entered the OS business in 1980 with its own version of Unix, called Xenix.[21] However, it was MS-DOS that solidified the company's dominance. After negotiations with Digital Research failed, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft in November 1980 to provide a version of the CP/M OS, which was set to be used in the upcoming IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC).[22] For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, branding it as MS-DOS, which IBM rebranded to PC DOS. Following the release of the IBM PC in August 1981, Microsoft retained ownership of MS-DOS. Since IBM copyrighted the IBM PC BIOS, other companies had to reverse engineer it in order for non-IBM hardware to run as IBM PC compatibles, but no such restriction applied to the operating systems. Due to various factors, such as MS-DOS's available software selection, Microsoft eventually became the leading PC operating systems vendor.[14][23]:210 The company expanded into new markets with the release of the Microsoft Mouse in 1983, as well as with a publishing division named Microsoft Press.[13]:232 Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in 1983 after developing Hodgkin's disease.
While jointly developing a new OS with IBM in 1984, OS/2, Microsoft released Microsoft Windows, a graphical extension for MS-DOS, on November 20, 1985.[13]:242–243, 246 Microsoft moved its headquarters to Redmond on February 26, 1986, and on March 13 the company went public;[24] the ensuing rise in the stock would make an estimated four billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees.[25] Due to the partnership with IBM, in 1990 the Federal Trade Commission set its eye on Microsoft for possible collusion; it marked the beginning of over a decade of legal clashes with the U.S. Government.[26] Microsoft released its version of OS/2 to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) on April 2, 1987;[13]:243–244 meanwhile, the company was at work on a 32-bit OS, Microsoft Windows NT, using ideas from OS/2; it shipped on July 21, 1993, with a new modular kernel and the Win32 application programming interface (API), making porting from 16-bit (MS-DOS-based) Windows easier. Once Microsoft informed IBM of NT, the OS/2 partnership deteriorated.[27]
In 1990, Microsoft introduced its office suite, Microsoft Office. The software bundled separate office productivity applications, such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel.[13]:301 On May 22 Microsoft launched Windows 3.0 with a streamlined user interface graphics and improved protected mode capability for the Intel 386 processor.[28] Both Office and Windows became dominant in their respective areas.[29][30] Novell, a Word competitor from 1984–1986, filed a lawsuit years later claiming that Microsoft left part of its APIs undocumented in order to gain a competitive advantage.[31]
On July 27, 1994, the U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division filed a Competitive Impact Statement that said, in part: "Beginning in 1988, and continuing until July 15, 1994, Microsoft induced many OEMs to execute anti-competitive "per processor" licenses. Under a per processor license, an OEM pays Microsoft a royalty for each computer it sells containing a particular microprocessor, whether the OEM sells the computer with a Microsoft operating system or a non-Microsoft operating system. In effect, the royalty payment to Microsoft when no Microsoft product is being used acts as a penalty, or tax, on the OEM's use of a competing PC operating system. Since 1988, Microsoft's use of per processor licenses has increased."[32]
Following Bill Gates's internal "Internet Tidal Wave memo" on May 26, 1995, Microsoft began to redefine its offerings and expand its product line into computer networking and the World Wide Web.[33] The company released Windows 95 on August 24, 1995, featuring pre-emptive multitasking, a completely new user interface with a novel start button, and 32-bit compatibility; similar to NT, it provided the Win32 API.[34][35]:20 Windows 95 came bundled with the online service MSN (which was at first intended to be a competitor to the Internet), and for OEMs Internet Explorer, a web browser. Internet Explorer was not bundled with the retail Windows 95 boxes because the boxes were printed before the team finished the web browser, and instead was included in the Windows 95 Plus! pack.[36] Branching out into new markets in 1996, Microsoft and NBC Universal created a new 24/7 cable news station, MSNBC.[37] Microsoft created Windows CE 1.0, a new OS designed for devices with low memory and other constraints, such as personal digital assistants.[38] In October 1997, the Justice Department filed a motion in the Federal District Court, stating that Microsoft violated an agreement signed in 1994 and asked the court to stop the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows.[13]:323–324
Bill Gates handed over the CEO position on January 13, 2000, to Steve Ballmer, an old college friend of Gates and employee of the company since 1980, creating a new position for himself as Chief Software Architect.[13]:111, 228[17] Various companies including Microsoft formed the Trusted Computing Platform Alliance in October 1999 to, among other things, increase security and protect intellectual property through identifying changes in hardware and software. Critics decry the alliance as a way to enforce indiscriminate restrictions over how consumers use software, and over how computers behave, a form of digital rights management; for example the scenario where a computer is not only secured for its owner, but also secured against its owner as well.[39][40] On April 3, 2000, a judgment was handed down in the case of United States v. Microsoft,[41] calling the company an "abusive monopoly";[42] it settled with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2004.[24] On October 25, 2001, Microsoft released Windows XP, unifying the mainstream and NT lines under the NT codebase.[43] The company released the Xbox later that year, entering the game console market dominated by Sony and Nintendo.[44] In March 2004 the European Union brought antitrust legal action against the company, citing it abused its dominance with the Windows OS, resulting in a judgment of €497 million ($613 million) and to produce new versions of Windows XP without Windows Media Player, Windows XP Home Edition N and Windows XP Professional N.[45][46]
Released in January 2007, the next version of Windows, Windows Vista, focused on features, security, and a redesigned user interface dubbed Aero.[48][49] Microsoft Office 2007, released at the same time, featured a "Ribbon" user interface which was a significant departure from its predecessors. Relatively strong sales of both titles helped to produce a record profit in 2007.[50] The European Union imposed another fine of €899 million ($1.4 billion) for Microsoft's lack of compliance with the March 2004 judgment on February 27, 2008, saying that the company charged rivals unreasonable prices for key information about its workgroup and backoffice servers. Microsoft stated that it was in compliance and that "these fines are about the past issues that have been resolved".[51]
2007 also saw the creation of a multi-core unit at Microsoft, as they followed in the steps of server companies such as Sun and IBM.[52]
Bill Gates retired from his role as Chief Software Architect on June 27, 2008, a decision announced in June 2006, while retaining other positions related to the company in addition to being an advisor for the company on key projects.[53][54] Azure Services Platform, the company's entry into the cloud computing market for Windows, launched on October 27, 2008.[55] On February 12, 2009, Microsoft announced its intent to open a chain of Microsoft-branded retail stores, and on October 22, 2009, the first retail Microsoft Store opened in Scottsdale, Arizona; the same day the first store opened, Windows 7 was officially released to the public. Windows 7's focus was on refining Vista with ease of use features and performance enhancements, rather than a large reworking of Windows.[56][57][58]
As the smartphone industry boomed beginning in 2007, Microsoft struggled to keep up with its rivals Apple and Google in providing a modern smartphone operating system. As a result, in 2010, Microsoft revamped their aging flagship mobile operating system, Windows Mobile, replacing it with the new Windows Phone OS; along with a new strategy in the smartphone industry that has Microsoft working more closely with smartphone manufacturers, such as Nokia, and to provide a consistent user experience across all smartphones using Microsoft's Windows Phone OS. It used a new user interface design language, codenamed "Metro", which prominently used simple shapes, typography and iconography, and the concept of minimalism.
Microsoft is a founding member of the Open Networking Foundation started on March 23, 2011. Other founding companies include Google, HP Networking, Yahoo, Verizon, Deutsche Telekom and 17 other companies. The nonprofit organization is focused on providing support for a new cloud computing initiative called Software-Defined Networking.[59] The initiative is meant to speed innovation through simple software changes in telecommunications networks, wireless networks, data centers and other networking areas.[60]
Following the release of Windows Phone, Microsoft underwent a gradual rebranding of its product range throughout 2011 and 2012—the corporation's logos, products, services, and websites adopted the principles and concepts of the Metro design language.[61] Microsoft previewed Windows 8, an operating system designed to power both personal computers and tablet computers, in Taipei in June 2011.[62] A developer preview was released on September 13, and was replaced by a consumer preview on February 29, 2012.[63] On May 31, 2012, the preview version was released.
On June 18, 2012, Microsoft unveiled the Surface, the first computer in the company's history to have its hardware made by Microsoft.[64][65] On June 25, Microsoft paid US $1.2 billion to buy the social network Yammer.[66] On July 31, 2012, Microsoft launched the Outlook.com webmail service to compete with Gmail.[67] On September 4, 2012, Microsoft released Windows Server 2012.[68]
In July 2012, Microsoft sold its 50% stake in MSNBC.com, which it had run as a joint venture with NBC since 1996.[69] On October 1, Microsoft announced its intention to launch a news operation, part of a new-look MSN, at the time of the Windows 8 launch that was later in the month.[70] On October 26, 2012, Microsoft launched Windows 8 and the Microsoft Surface.[65][71] Three days later, Windows Phone 8 was launched.[72] To cope with the potential for an increase in demand for products and services, Microsoft opened a number of "holiday stores" across the U.S. to complement the increasing number of "bricks-and-mortar" Microsoft Stores that opened in 2012.[73]
On March 29, 2013, Microsoft launched a Patent Tracker.[74] The Kinect, the motion sensing input devices by Microsoft, which was first introduced in November 2010 was upgraded for the 2013 release of the eighth-generation Xbox One. Its capabilities were revealed in May 2013. The new Kinect uses an ultra-wide 1080p camera, it can function in the dark due to an infrared sensor, it employs higher-end processing power and new software, it can distinguish between fine movements (such as a thumb movements), and the device can determine a user's heart rate by looking at his/her face.[75] Microsoft filed a patent application in 2011 that suggests that the corporation may use the Kinect camera system to monitor the behavior of television viewers as part of a plan to make the viewing experience more active. On July 19, 2013, Microsoft stocks suffered its biggest one-day percentage sell-off since the year 2000 after its fourth-quarter report raised concerns among the investors on the poor showings of both Windows 8 and the Surface tablet; with more than 11 percentage points declining Microsoft suffered a loss of more than US$32 billion.[76] For the 2010 fiscal year, Microsoft had five product divisions: Windows Division, Server and Tools, Online Services Division, Microsoft Business Division, and Entertainment and Devices Division.
On September 3, 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy Nokia's mobile unit for $7 billion.[77] Also in 2013, Amy Hood became the CFO of Microsoft.[78]
The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) was launched in October 2013 and Microsoft is part of the coalition of public and private organizations that also includes Facebook, Intel and Google. Led by Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.[79]
In line with the maturing PC business, in July 2013, Microsoft announced that it would reorganize the business into four new business divisions by function: Operating System, Apps, Cloud and Devices. All previous divisions will be diluted into new divisions without any workforce cut.[80]
On February 4, 2014, Steve Ballmer stepped down as CEO of Microsoft and was succeeded by Satya Nadella, who previously led Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise division.[81] On the same day, John W. Thompson took on the role of chairman, with Bill Gates stepping down from the position to become more active within the company as Technology Advisor.[82] On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services and formed a new subsidiary, Microsoft Mobile Oy. On September 15, 2014, Microsoft acquired the video game development company Mojang for $2.5 billion, best known for its wildly popular flagship game Minecraft.[83] On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced the release of their first Interactive whiteboard, Microsoft Surface Hub (Part of the Surface family.)[84]
On July 29, 2015, Microsoft released the next version of the Windows operating system, Windows 10. In Q1 2015, Microsoft is the third largest maker of mobile phones selling 33 million units (7.2% of all), while a large majority (at least 75%) of them do not run any version of Windows Phone – those other phones are not categorized as smartphones by Gartner – in the same time frame 8 million Windows smartphones (2.5% of all smartphones) where made by all manufacturers (but mostly by Microsoft).[10] On March 1, 2016, Microsoft announced the merger of its PC and Xbox divisions, with Phil Spencer announcing that Universal Windows Applications would be the focus for Microsoft's gaming in the future.[85] and now we know about history of microsoft we stop here for now
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